The Word or the Term "gospel" in the Letters of James, Peter, Jude, John and the Revelation

Chapter II

The Word or the Term Gospel in the New Testament

The contradictions, discrepancies and differences between the principles and concepts of the Gospels and the principles and concepts of the Old Testament, as is shown in the previous chapter, are insufficient and not enough alone to prove that it's a new religion, unrelated with the religion of the prophets of the children of Israel, and were not written by the revelation or inspiration of the Holy Spirit, from the point of view of the churches. The Gospels authors and the rest of the New Testament authors, especially Paul, who was fully aware these contradictions, discrepancies and differences, or more precisely, he who has founded them, for this he sought in his letters to  justify these contradictions, discrepancies and differences, as shown previously, and considered that this issue is not because of difference sources, but the principles and the concepts of his beliefs have been hidden from all of the former prophets, and has been revealed to him and his followers! As in the following texts:

1 Timothy 3:16 And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifested in the flesh, Justified in the Spirit, Seen by angels, Preached among the Gentiles, Believed on in the world, Received up in glory.

1 Corinthians 2:7 But we speak the wisdom of God in a mystery, the hidden wisdom which God ordained before the ages for our glory,

1 Corinthians 2:8 which none of the rulers of this age knew; for had they known, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory.

1 Corinthians 2:9 But as it is written: "Eye has not seen, nor ear heard, Nor have entered into the heart of man The things which God has prepared for those who love Him."

Ephesians 3:1 For this reason I, Paul, the prisoner of Christ Jesus for you Gentiles —

Ephesians 3:2 if indeed you have heard of the dispensation of the grace of God which was given to me for you,

Ephesians 3:3 how that by revelation He made known to me the mystery (as I have briefly written already,

Ephesians 3:4 by which, when you read, you may understand my knowledge in the mystery of Christ),

Ephesians 3:5 which in other ages was not made known to the sons of men, as it has now been revealed by the Spirit to His holy apostles and prophets:

Ephesians 3:6 that the Gentiles should be fellow heirs, of the same body, and partakers of His promise in Christ through the gospel,

Ephesians 3:7 of which I became a minister according to the gift of the grace of God given to me by the effective working of His power.

Ephesians 3:8 To me, who am less than the least of all the saints, this grace was given, that I should preach among the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ,

Ephesians 3:9 and to make all see what is the fellowship of the mystery, which from the beginning of the ages has been hidden in God who created all things through Jesus Christ;

Ephesians 3:10 to the intent that now the manifold wisdom of God might be made known by the church to the principalities and powers in the heavenly places,

Ephesians 3:11 according to the eternal purpose which He accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord,

Romans 16:25 Now to Him who is able to establish you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery kept secret since the world began

Romans 16:26 but now has been made manifest, and by the prophetic Scriptures has been made known to all nations, according to the commandment of the everlasting God, for obedience to the faith —

In these texts Paul says that the principles and concepts which based on worshiping three gods, who incarnated in the flesh, or at least one of them, according to the faith of every church of the various churches, and they had been flogged, and mocked and spat on them, and crucified and died; was a secret hidden from all Prophets, and that this mystery has not been revealed to anyone else, but only to him and the saints!

This is true in this sense only, because there is no one of the former prophets had spoken about such as this perception about the LORD the Creator of the heavens and the earth, but what is the reality of this mystery which Paul had spoken about?

The reality of this mystery can be recognized by comparing it with the other mysteries which Paul had told to his followers, as in the following text:

1 Corinthians 15:51 Behold, I tell you a mystery: We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed —

In this text Paul reveals another mystery, which was not known by anyone else before him, and has not been seen by anyone else after him, which is that he and his followers would not pass away until the next coming of Jesus, which is what he says more clearly in the following text:

1 Thessalonians 4:13 But I do not want you to be ignorant, brethren, concerning those who have fallen asleep, lest you sorrow as others who have no hope.

1 Thessalonians 4:14 For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so God will bring with Him those who sleep in Jesus.

1 Thessalonians 4:15 For this we say to you by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive and remain until the coming of the Lord will by no means precede those who are asleep.

1 Thessalonians 4:16 For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of an archangel, and with the trumpet of God. And the dead in Christ will rise first.

1 Thessalonians 4:17 Then we who are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And thus we shall always be with the Lord.

1 Thessalonians 4:18 Therefore comfort one another with these words.

Yet, unfortunately, the history has shown that this mystery was not true, and he and his followers had fallen asleep, and after them dozens of generations, thus, the failure to achieve this mystery shows that the first mystery is not true, and is not from the Revelation or by the Word of the Lord, because if it was from the Revelation or by the Word of the Lord; it should not contradicts the texts of the revelation in the Old Testament that confirms the greatest fact in the cosmos; which is the Oneness of the LORD the Creator, and worship Him alone, and the lack of the true gods with Him or beside Him, and with the clarity of this fact, but I will mention text from the Old Testament refutes all the words of Paul and the others that the Lord the Creator of the heavens and the earth hid some secrets from the former prophets, which is as follows:

Amos 3:7 Surely the Lord GOD does nothing, Unless He reveals His secret to His servants the prophets.

The Lord the Creator does not say any word unless it is a clear; and reveals His secret to the prophets, especially His Oneness, and the lack of the true gods with Him or beside Him, who participated with Him in creating the heavens and earth, or deserve to be worshiped with Him or beside Him, thus, this text invalidates all the words of Paul and the others about hiding the mystery of the Trinity.

The insistence of the New Testament authors and the churches considering that the New Testament and their beliefs are an extension of the Old Testament and its principles and concepts, requires us to examine the Gospels in the New Testament objectively and subjectively, i.e., study the meaning of the word Gospel, and the places mentioned therein, and the purpose of writing the Gospels, and the methods and ways of writing, and the lost Gospels which are mentioned in the Letters of the New Testament. As well as study the texts of the Gospels which were quoted from the Old Testament. This will give us a clear idea of the reality of the Gospels, and if they had been written by the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit or not, and the sources that were relied on to write the Gospels.

The Word or the Term "Gospel" in the Letters of the New Testament

The Letters of the New Testament are a collection of letters talking about the disciples after Jesus ascension into heaven, whether by talking about their lives and their activities as the letter Acts of the Apostles and some of Paul's letters, or by trying to resolve the practical and theological problems which they have faced at that time, such as a warning of the differences that were taking place among the disciples and the followers, or to prove that Jesus is the Christ, and he who was intended in the prophecies of the Old Testament, or to prove that the Law no longer binding them, not only the circumcision, or the Sabbath but even the rest of the laws, and other issues that summoned the research and debate at that time, and the last letter is the book of Revelation, which is talking about the signs of the End of Time, and the end of life on Earth.

These Letters will be significantly helpful in our search for the true meaning of word "gospel", because they talk about how the disciples' preaching was, and the sources which they had relied upon.

The Word or the Term "gospel" in the Letter of James

In this Letter there is no mention to the word "gospel", whether linguistic or idiomatic sense!

While in this letter there is a text for the meaning of the faith disagrees with the meaning of the faith in Paul's Letters, as shown previously, also there is a text contain information that contradicts what is written in the Old Testament, as in following text:

James 5:17 Elijah was a man with a nature like ours, and he prayed earnestly that it would not rain; and it did not rain on the land for three years and six months.

James 5:18 And he prayed again, and the heaven gave rain, and the earth produced its fruit.

In this text James says that the rain stopped for three years and six months, and this contradicts what is written in the Old Testament, as in the following texts:

1Kings 17:1 And Elijah the Tishbite, of the inhabitants of Gilead, said to Ahab, "As the LORD God of Israel lives, before whom I stand, there shall not be dew nor rain these years, except at my word."

1Kings 18:1 And it came to pass after many days that the word of the LORD came to Elijah, in the third year, saying, "Go, present yourself to Ahab, and I will send rain on the earth."

As we read that the rain came down in the third year and not as James wrote, and this error also was written in the Gospel of Luke, as will be shown later.

Finally he has quoted several texts from the Old Testament, while he did not quote any text from the four Gospels, except one text consistent with what is written in the Gospels on the lips of Jesus but he did not attribute it to Jesus! As in the following text:

James 5:12 But above all, my brethren, do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or with any other oath. But let your "Yes," be "Yes," and your "No," "No," lest you fall into judgment.

The Word or the Term "gospel" in the Letters of Peter

The word "gospel" was mentioned in the Peter's Letters four times, as in the following texts:

1 Peter 4:17 For the time has come for judgment to begin at the house of God; and if it begins with us first, what will be the end of those who do not obey the gospel of God?

New International Version

1 Peter 4:17 For it is time for judgment to begin with the family of God; and if it begins with us, what will the outcome be for those who do not obey the gospel of God?

In this text Peter talks about the Gospel of God, which was not meant the four Gospels, because this letter has been written before the four Gospels, and previously Paul talked about the gospel of Peter, so why the churches did not keep it? Is it not the word of the God? And if it is not the word of the God, why Peter and Paul and their followers had preached from it?

Moreover, Peter had refused to say that his gospel or his preaching is not the word of God, as in the following text:

1 Peter 1:25 But the word of the Lord endures forever." Now this is the word which by the gospel was preached to you.

New International Version

1 Peter 1:25 But the word of the Lord stands forever." And this is the word that was preached to you.

As well as he considered that his words and his preaching is the true grace of God, which is his testimony for his followers, as in the following text:

1 Peter 5:12 By Silvanus, our faithful brother as I consider him, I have written to you briefly, exhorting and testifying that this is the true grace of God in which you stand.

King James Version

1 Peter 5:12 By Silvanus, a faithful brother unto you, as I suppose, I have written briefly, exhorting, and testifying that this is the true grace of God wherein ye stand.

New International Version

1 Peter 5:12 With the help of Silas, whom I regard as a faithful brother, I have written to you briefly, encouraging you and testifying that this is the true grace of God. Stand fast in it.

So, if Peter had considered that his gospel and his preaching as is the Word of God, why the churches did not keep it?

And if what was Peter saying is true, what are the sources which he relied upon?

Did he rely upon the revelation or the inspiration that have been received through the Holy Spirit, or relied upon the texts of the Old Testament?

In fact, Peter, in his letters, did not say that he has received the revelation or inspiration by the Holy Spirit, but it relied upon what he has written in his letters and his words himself, as in the following text:

2Peter 3:1 Beloved, I now write to you this second epistle (in both of which I stir up your pure minds by way of reminder),

2 Peter 3:2 that you may be mindful of the words which were spoken before by the holy prophets, and of the commandment of us, the apostles of the Lord and Savior.

In this text Peter says that he has written his letters to remind his followers the words which were spoken before by the holy prophets, and did not say that he has received a revelation or an inspiration of the Holy Spirit, which will be shown clearly in the following text:

2 Peter 1:19 And so we have the prophetic word confirmed, which you do well to heed as a light that shines in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts;

2 Peter 1:20 knowing this first, that no prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpretation,

2 Peter 1:21 for prophecy never came by the will of man, but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit.

New International Version

2 Peter 1:19-21 And we have the word of the prophets made more certain, and you will do well to pay attention to it, as to a light shining in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts.

Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture came about by the prophet's own interpretation.

For prophecy never had its origin in the will man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit.

In this text Peter says that they have the prophetic word and urged his followers to pay attention to it; for they did not come by the will of man, but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit, as well as the interpretation of the prophecies of the scripture is not of any private interpretation, and here we find that Peter talks about the prophecies of the Old Testament, not about the four Gospels, because they have not been written when he wrote this letter, and he considered that the prophecies of the scripture are the basis to prove his faith.

In addition, he said that what is written in the Old Testament of prophecies; they were prophesying about Jesus, and named it the gospel! As in the following text:

1 Peter 1:10 Of this salvation the prophets have inquired and searched carefully, who prophesied of the grace that would come to you,

1 Peter 1:11 searching what, or what manner of time, the Spirit of Christ who was in them was indicating when He testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ and the glories that would follow.

1 Peter 1:12 To them it was revealed that, not to themselves, but to us they were ministering the things which now have been reported to you through those who have preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven — things which angels desire to look into.

In this text Peter says that the prophetic books had prophesied about Jesus, which proves that his gospel and his preaching relied upon the interpretation of the texts of the Old Testament, not through a special revelation which he has received, or the four Gospels, which were unwritten at that time, and the evidence of this is that he quoted nearly twenty texts from the Old Testament in his letters, while he has written only two texts that consistent with what is written in the four Gospels, for this when he wants to urge his followers to increase their knowledge of the truth of the things which he had preached; he did not urge them to read the four Gospels, but to read the letters of Paul, as in the following text:

2 Peter 3:15 and consider that the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation — as also our beloved brother Paul, according to the wisdom given to him, has written to you,

2 Peter 3:16 as also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things, in which are some things hard to understand, which untaught and unstable people twist to their own destruction, as they do also the rest of the Scriptures.

New International Version

2 Peter 3:15-16 Bear in mind that our Lord's patience means salvation, just as our dear brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom that God gave him.

He writes the same way in all his letters, speaking in them of these matters. His letters contain some things that are hard to understand,

Which ignorant and unstable people distort, as they do the other Scriptures, to their own destruction.

This text indicates to one of two things, either that the four Gospels have not been written at that time, or that Peter does not consider them as books in which a man can find the truth about Jesus, especially as they contain a lot of errors and contradictions, as we will see in the next chapter.

Finally, there are two texts in his first letter show the true meaning of the word "gospel", which means the way of preaching, not the four Gospels, as many of the good people of the followers of churches believe, which are as follows:

1 Peter 4:6 For this reason the gospel was preached also to those who are dead, that they might be judged according to men in the flesh, but live according to God in the spirit.

New International Version

1 Peter 4:6 For this is the reason the gospel was preached even to those who are now dead, so that they might be judged according to men in regard to the body, but live according to God in regard to the spirit.

1 Peter 3:19 by whom also He went and preached to the spirits in prison.

New International Version

1 Peter 3:19 through whom also he went and preached to the spirits in prison.

These two texts talk about Jesus and his preaching of the gospel to those who are dead, and here he certainly did not indicate to the four Gospels, for they have not been written at that time, because this story occurred after the crucifixion and before the resurrection as the churches say. In addition that this story was not mentioned in the four Gospels! So what is this gospel which was preached by the Jesus, if it did not mean the four Gospels?

Hence, through this careful reading of the texts of the Peter's Letters that have mentioned the word "gospel", we conclude that he used it to refer to his way of preaching, not to refer to a certain book, or the four Gospels, which is based on his understanding and interpretation of the texts and the prophecies of the Old Testament as is shown in his Letters.

The Word or the Term "gospel" in the Letter of Jude

In the Epistle of Jude there is no mention to the word gospel, whether idiomatic meaning or linguistic meaning, although he has urged his followers to remember the words of the apostles, and did not ask them to remember the words of Jesus! As in the following text:

Jude 1:17 But you, beloved, remember the words which were spoken before by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ.

New International Version

Jude 1:17 But, dear friends, remember what the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ foretold.

He also says in his letter that he had to write, or "I found it necessary to write to you", or "it was needful for me to write unto you", according to the various versions, and did not say that he wrote it by the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, as in the following text:

Jude 1:3 Beloved, while I was very diligent to write to you concerning our common salvation, I found it necessary to write to you exhorting you to contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints.

Jude 1:4 For certain men have crept in unnoticed, who long ago were marked out for this condemnation, ungodly men, who turn the grace of our God into lewdness and deny the only Lord God and our Lord Jesus Christ.

This way of writing does not indicate that he had written by the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.

Moreover, he had written two texts about Michael and Enoch which were not mentioned in the Old Testament, but mentioned in the Apocrypha of the Old Testament! as in the following texts:

Jude 1:9 Yet Michael the archangel, in contending with the devil, when he disputed about the body of Moses, dared not bring against him a reviling accusation, but said, "The Lord rebuke you!"

Jude 1:14 Now Enoch, the seventh from Adam, prophesied about these men also, saying, "Behold, the Lord comes with ten thousands of His saints,

Jude 1:15 "to execute judgment on all, to convict all who are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have committed in an ungodly way, and of all the harsh things which ungodly sinners have spoken against Him."

Jude 1:6 And the angels who did not keep their proper domain, but left their own abode, He has reserved in everlasting chains under darkness for the judgment of the great day.

The Word or the Term "gospel" in the Letters of John

As in the Gospel of John also in his three Letters, there is no mention to the word "gospel" by any means, whether idiomatic or linguistic. Furthermore there are some verses which confirm that what has been written in his Letters was not through the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit including the following texts:

2 John 1:12 Having many things to write to you, I did not wish to do so with paper and ink; but I hope to come to you and speak face to face, that our joy may be full.

3 John 1:13 I had many things to write, but I do not wish to write to you with pen and ink;

In these verses John says that he has many things to write but he did not want to write with paper and ink, and such of  these words have never been heard from any Prophet in the Old Testament, because what they had received from the Lord through the revelation or the Spirit; they were speaking it, as shown previously, and this confirms that what was written by John wasn't through the revelation or the inspiration, as well as we read a text in his first Letter which is written in some versions, and has been deleted from other versions, which is as follows:

1 John 5:7 For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one.

1 John 5:8 And there are three that bear witness on earth: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and these three agree as one.

New International Version

1 John 5:7-8 For there are three that testify; the spirit, the water and the blood; and the three are in agreement.

This text called the Comma Johannine (also called the Comma Johanneum) which has raised a lot of controversy among researchers and scholars in the Western World, and has been discussed the reasons for this difference between Manuscripts in many books, which is not our subject in this book, but here I would like to mention that the ancient scribes, whether intentionally or accidentally, or for whatever reason, have the ability to add or delete the texts of the New Testament, which indicates that it was not written by the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, because if so, no one dares to add to it or delete from it, as shown previously.

The Word or the Term "gospel" in the Revelation

The word "gospel" was mentioned in the Revelation once, which shows the true meaning of the word "gospel", which is the telling things that will take place in the future, or in the present as the case with Jesus, by relying on a certain thing like a revelation or interpretation of the texts and the prophecies of the Old Testament, not as the churches say that they are the books that had recorded the historical events of Jesus, i.e., the four Gospel, as shown previously, and the text is below:

Revelation 14:6 Then I saw another angel flying in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach to those who dwell on the earth — to every nation, tribe, tongue, and people —

Revelation 14:7 saying with a loud voice, "Fear God and give glory to Him, for the hour of His judgment has come; and worship Him who made heaven and earth, the sea and springs of water."

In this text we read that the angel has the everlasting gospel and wants to preach to those who dwell on the earth, to every nation, tribe, tongue, and people, and this gospel is certainly not the four Gospels, but the revelation which he has received from God, for this he said "Fear God and give glory to Him, for the hour of His judgment has come; and worship Him who made heaven and earth, the sea and springs of water", and this indicates that any book or Letter; the author of it does not announce that he has received a revelation from the Lord is not a revelation or an inspiration of the Holy Spirit, so how if it contains lots of errors and contradictions, as John did in his Gospel and his Letters, including what is written in the Revelation itself, since he did not write down correctly the names of the sons of Jacob , (Revelation 7:4-8), as will be shown in the next chapter.

After this detailed and thorough study on the word "gospel" as is mentioned in the four Gospels and New Testament Letters, which showed the lack of any text indicating to the four Gospels, and the existence of other gospels which were preached by the disciples, and the lack of any text refers to that they had been written by the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, we conclude that the word "gospel" or "good news" means the texts or prophecies of the Old Testament, which the authors of the New Testament have considered that they were talking about Jesus as Christ, and the son of god, and he was crucified and died and rose from the dead.

So are these texts or prophecies of the Old Testament really talking about Jesus?

And have the Gospels authors quoted those prophecies only, or they have written the rest of the events of Jesus' life in the Gospels according to the Old Testament texts?!

Have the Gospels authors written their books, or the Gospels, based on historical events which they have seen, or received them by those who have seen them, or they have written about these things away from all this, but through a special method or way or approach, for this they have written many stories that inconsistent with the recorded history, as we read in the Gospels?

These questions and others I will try to answer them in the next chapter, which discusses the way of writing the Gospels, and the texts which were quoted from the Old Testament.

Chapter III: The Sources of the Gospels and the Way of Writing Them

Chapter III

The Sources of the Gospels and the Way of Writing Them

The Relationship between the Gospels Authors and the Old Testament

The fourth fact which has been ignored by the scholars and researchers who have searched for the sources of the Gospels is the study of the texts of the Old Testament, which were cited in the Gospels, objectively and subjectively to find out the truth and the reality of these texts and its accuracy, as well as study the stories that containing those texts, to find out the reliability and the credibility of them.

The study of the texts of the Gospels through this way will lead us very clearly to the sources which the Gospels authors have relied upon, and how they wrote them, and their purposes. The first thing that draws the attention of the researchers in the New Testament is the large number of texts which are quoted from the Old Testament, and this was considered by the various churches as prophecies talk about Jesus, and is a proof that the New Testament is an extension of the Old Testament, and the Gospels authors had received them from the same source which was received by the authors of the Old Testament, which is the revelation or the inspiration of the Spirit, but after the emergence of the contradictions between the principles and the concepts of the Gospels and the principles and the concepts of the Old Testament, and prove that they were not  written by the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, so we should examine them in detail to find out why the Gospels authors have used these texts to talk about the life of Jesus and their beliefs, as well as to know the truth and the reality of these quotes.

The emergence of the Gospels authors and the Early Churches among the Jewish communities make them trying to persuade the Jews particularly, and the other nations generally, in the ideas and beliefs which they believe in through the texts of the Old Testament, which the Jews believe in it. Because on the one hand, represents the divine source of what they believe in, and any attempt to call them to something new should be based on the divine source similar to their source, on the other hand the Gospels authors and the rest of the New Testament authors did not have such as this source, as was mentioned previously, so they have been forced to quote from the texts of the Old Testament to preach among Jews, and this can be seen clearly in the Acts of Apostles, which showed the way of the preaching of the disciples in many texts, the following is a review of some of them.

Act 1:15 And in those days Peter stood up in the midst of the disciples (altogether the number of names was about a hundred and twenty), and said,

Act 1:16 "Men and brethren, this Scripture had to be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit spoke before by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide to those who arrested Jesus;

Act 1:17 "for he was numbered with us and obtained a part in this ministry."

Act 1:18 (Now this man purchased a field with the wages of iniquity; and falling headlong, he burst open in the middle and all his entrails gushed out.

Act 1:19 And it became known to all those dwelling in Jerusalem; so that field is called in their own language, Akel Dama, that is, Field of Blood.)

Act 1:20 "For it is written in the book of Psalms: ‘Let his dwelling place be desolate, And let no one live in it’; and, ‘Let another take his office’.

In this text Peter cites, or more precisely Luke on the lips of Peter, on the selection of the alternative disciple to replace Judas Iscariot by what is written in the Psalms, and did not cite the words of Jesus or the Holy Spirit, if so, that Luke or Peter had received revelation or inspiration of the Holy Spirit, what is the need to quote from the Psalms, and here some of the good people of the followers of the churches may find for them an excuse for what they have said, because the Psalms are a revelation from heaven, but these good people will be surprised when they know that Peter and Luke contradict Matthew in the story of the death of Judas Iscariot, as is written in his Gospel, and this story will be discussed later, but what matters here is proving that the disciples were relying on the texts of the Old Testament in writing and preaching, and not on the new revelation or inspiration of the Holy Spirit, even if they wrote stories contradictory with each other, as is the case in this text.

Act 3:18 "But those things which God foretold by the mouth of all His prophets, that the Christ would suffer, He has thus fulfilled.

Act 3:19 "Repent therefore and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, so that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord,

Act 3:20 "and that He may send Jesus Christ, who was preached to you before,

Act 3:21 "whom heaven must receive until the times of restoration of all things, which God has spoken by the mouth of all His holy prophets since the world began.

Act 3:22 "For Moses truly said to the fathers, ‘The Lord your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your brethren. Him you shall hear in all things, whatever He says to you.

Act 3:23 ‘And it shall be that every soul who will not hear that Prophet shall be utterly destroyed from among the people’.

Act 3:24 "Yes, and all the prophets, from Samuel and those who follow, as many as have spoken, have also foretold these days.

Act 3:25 "You are sons of the prophets, and of the covenant which God made with our fathers, saying to Abraham, ‘And in your seed all the families of the earth shall be blessed’.

Act 3:26 "To you first, God, having raised up His Servant Jesus, sent Him to bless you, in turning away every one of you from your iniquities."

This text is part of Peter's sermon at Pentecost, which has been added about three thousand persons to the disciples after this sermon, and we note that he has quoted the words of the prophets of the Old Testament, such as the word of Moses the Prophet "The Lord your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your brethren. him you shall hear in all things, whatever he says to you" and "And it shall be that every soul who will not hear that Prophet shall be utterly destroyed from among the people", (Deuteronomy 18:15) and considered it as a prophecy about Jesus, and this is unacceptable and unimaginable in the light of the laws of faith of the churches that speaking of Jesus as a god and the son of God, because there is a huge difference between the LORD and the Prophet!

Yet we got important result which is the lack of the revelation with the disciples, for this they need to rely on the texts of the Old Testament.

Act 8:32 The place in the Scripture which he read was this: "He was led as a sheep to the slaughter; And as a lamb before its shearer is silent, So He opened not His mouth.

Act 8:33 In His humiliation His justice was taken away, And who will declare His generation? For His life is taken from the earth."

Act 8:34 So the eunuch answered Philip and said, "I ask you, of whom does the prophet say this, of himself or of some other man?"

Act 8:35 Then Philip opened his mouth, and beginning at this Scripture, preached Jesus to him.

This text is part of the story of Philip and the Ethiopian eunuch, and we notice that Philip did not preach him through the Gospels or even by the words of Jesus or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, which Luke says that the Holy Spirit took Philip away after this story and appeared in Azotus! But he preached Jesus to him through interpreting the texts of the Old Testament.

Act 15:13 And after they had become silent, James answered, saying, "Men and brethren, listen to me:

Act 15:14 "Simon has declared how God at the first visited the Gentiles to take out of them a people for His name.

Act 15:15 "And with this the words of the prophets agree, just as it is written:

Act 15:16 ‘After this I will return And will rebuild the tabernacle of David, which has fallen down; I will rebuild its ruins, And I will set it up;

Act 15:17 So that the rest of mankind may seek the Lord, Even all the Gentiles who are called by My name, Says the Lord who does all these things’.

This text is part of the story of the dispute that occurred among the disciples concerning the circumcision and the acceptance of preaching among the Gentiles, and we read the position of James and his acceptance to preach among them, and asked them to not circumcise themselves, and does not require to obey other laws as well, except to abstain from things polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from things strangled and from blood, as it is written in the following paragraphs of this chapter, (Acts 15/19-29), what matters here is what are the evidences which were relied upon by James to prove his point of view?

As we read that James, or more precisely Luke, has quoted to prove his idea from the Old Testament by saying "And with this the words of the prophets agree, just as it is written", and this is a clear evidence that he does not have a revelation or an inspiration, because if so, he should cite words of the Lord directly, or at least Jesus' words, instead of quoting from the Old Testament.

Act 9:22 But Saul increased all the more in strength, and confounded the Jews who dwelt in Damascus, proving that this Jesus is the Christ.

In this text Luke says that Saul, i.e., Paul, had baffled the Jews during his preaching by proving that Jesus is the Christ, so what are the evidences that were relied upon by Paul during his preaching and debating them, are they from the four Gospels?!

Or from his own Gospel which had been received by revelation, as he said previously, or from his understanding and interpretation of the texts of the Old Testament?!

Let's read the following text:

Act 13:16 Then Paul stood up, and motioning with his hand said, "Men of Israel, and you who fear God, listen:

Act 13:17 "The God of this people Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with an uplifted arm He brought them out of it.

Act 13:18 "Now for a time of about forty years He put up with their ways in the wilderness.

Act 13:19 "And when He had destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, He distributed their land to them by allotment.

Act 13:20 "After that He gave them judges for about four hundred and fifty years, until Samuel the prophet.

Act 13:21 "And afterward they asked for a king; so God gave them Saul the son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, for forty years.

Act 13:22 "And when He had removed him, He raised up for them David as king, to whom also He gave testimony and said, ‘I have found David the son of Jesse, a man after My own heart, who will do all My will’.

Act 13:23 "From this man’s seed, according to the promise, God raised up for Israel a Savior — Jesus —

This text shows how Paul has preached Jesus as Christ of the seed of David, and we notice that Paul has cited the texts of the Old Testament, and did not cite texts from the four Gospels, as well as did not quote any words of Jesus, or the Holy Spirit; who was filled of it before this time, as Luke said in the Acts of the Apostles, (Acts 9:17-19), and also did not mention any word that shows that he had received a new revelation, as the Prophets of the children of Israel did, and here may some good people of the followers of the churches find an excuse for him, because he cited the words of the old revelation, i.e., the Old Testament, but this excuse will vanish when they know that his saying that Saul had reigned forty years contrasts with what is written in the Old Testament! As in the following texts:

1 Samuel 13:1 Saul reigned one year; and when he had reigned two years over Israel.

Hebrew Version

1 Samuel 13:1 Saul was ---- years old when he began to reign; and two years he reigned over Israel.

King James Version

1 Samuel 13:1 Saul reigned one year; and when he had reigned two years over Israel,

New American Standard Version

1 Samuel 13:1 Saul was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty two years over Israel.

Act 13:26 "Men and brethren, sons of the family of Abraham, and those among you who fear God, to you the word of this salvation has been sent.

Act 13:27 "For those who dwell in Jerusalem, and their rulers, because they did not know Him, nor even the voices of the Prophets which are read every Sabbath, have fulfilled them in condemning Him.

Act 13:28 "And though they found no cause for death in Him, they asked Pilate that He should be put to death.

Act 13:29 "Now when they had fulfilled all that was written concerning Him, they took Him down from the tree and laid Him in a tomb.

Act 13:30 "But God raised Him from the dead.

Act 13:31 "He was seen for many days by those who came up with Him from Galilee to Jerusalem, who are His witnesses to the people.

Act 13:32 "And we declare to you glad tidings — that promise which was made to the fathers.

Act 13:33 "God has fulfilled this for us their children, in that He has raised up Jesus. As it is also written in the second Psalm: ‘You are My Son, Today I have begotten You’.

Act 13:34 "And that He raised Him from the dead, no more to return to corruption, He has spoken thus: ‘I will give you the sure mercies of David’.

Act 13:35 "Therefore He also says in another Psalm: ‘You will not allow Your Holy One to see corruption’.

Act 13:36 "For David, after he had served his own generation by the will of God, fell asleep, was buried with his fathers, and saw corruption;

Act 13:37 "but He whom God raised up saw no corruption.

Act 13:38 "Therefore let it be known to you, brethren, that through this Man is preached to you the forgiveness of sins;

Act 13:39 "and by Him everyone who believes is justified from all things from which you could not be justified by the law of Moses.

Act 13:40 "Beware therefore, lest what has been spoken in the prophets come upon you:

Act 13:41 "Behold, you despisers, Marvel and perish! For I work a work in your days, A work which you will by no means believe, Though one were to declare it to you’."

In this text Luke writes on the lips of Paul saying that the Jews had fulfilled all the texts of the Old Testament that talk concerning Jesus, and this shows that what Paul has said and written in his Letters is an attempt to interpret the texts of the Old Testament to say that it was talking or prophesying about Jesus in line with what he believes, for this he quoted what is written in the Psalms, not from the four Gospels, or even from the words of Jesus which he had received from him directly or through the revelation.

Therefore, I can say that what is written in the four Gospels and the other Letters of the New Testament are attempts by the Authors to interpret what is written in the prophetic books as if it was talking about Jesus as Christ, because they did not have their own revelation, and this will be demonstrated more clearly in the following text:

Act 17:2 Then Paul, as his custom was, went in to them, and for three Sabbaths reasoned with them from the Scriptures,

Act 17:3 explaining and demonstrating that the Christ had to suffer and rise again from the dead, and saying, "This Jesus whom I preach to you is the Christ."

This text shows that Paul was explaining the texts of the Old Testament to the Jews to prove to them what he believes, which is the way or the approach that he has relied upon, which is called the Gospel of Paul, as shown previously, and this will appear clearly in the following text:

Act 17:10 Then the brethren immediately sent Paul and Silas away by night to Berea. When they arrived, they went into the synagogue of the Jews.

Act 17:11 These were more fair-minded than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness, and searched the Scriptures daily to find out whether these things were so.

In this text we read that the Bereans have accepted what was preached by Paul through examining and searching the Old Testament texts, and what Paul has said agrees with those texts, thereby the faith of the Bereans has not based on the four Gospels or revelation or inspiration of the Holy Spirit, but relied upon their understanding that the texts of the Old Testament prove that what Paul has said is true, and this will be clearer in the following verses:

Act 18:24 Now a certain Jew named Apollos, born at Alexandria, an eloquent man and mighty in the Scriptures, came to Ephesus.

Act 18:25 This man had been instructed in the way of the Lord; and being fervent in spirit, he spoke and taught accurately the things of the Lord, though he knew only the baptism of John.

Act 18:28 for he vigorously refuted the Jews publicly, showing from the Scriptures that Jesus is the Christ.

These verses talk about Apollos and how he has convinced the Jews through the texts of the Old Testament that Jesus is the Christ, not through the four Gospels, or through the revelation or the inspiration of Holy Spirit, which have been received by the disciples, nor even through Jesus' miracles, including his resurrection from the dead!

Then we read the following text which is talking about the same method:

Act 19:8 And he went into the synagogue and spoke boldly for three months, reasoning and persuading concerning the things of the kingdom of God.

In this text we read that Paul has argued the Jews in their synagogue for three months, as he tries to persuade them concerning the Kingdom of God, and Jesus as the Christ whom mentioned in the Old Testament, so what are the sources that were relied on by Paul to persuade the Jews?

Does he rely on the revelation of God, or on the words which he was received directly from Him, as was the case with Moses and the prophets of the Old Testament, or even on the words of Jesus or on the miracles?

Let's read the following text:

Act 26:22 "Therefore, having obtained help from God, to this day I stand, witnessing both to small and great, saying no other things than those which the prophets and Moses said would come —

Act 26:23 "that the Christ would suffer, that He would be the first to rise from the dead, and would proclaim light to the Jewish people and to the Gentiles."

This text shows very clearly that what was preached by Paul and called for it was through the texts of the Old Testament and his understanding of it, and this text also shows the sources that had been relied upon by Paul, both in his Lost Gospel, or in his letters which are part of the New Testament, because he has quoted dozens of texts from the Old Testament, while he wrote only a few texts that talked about Jesus similar to what is written in the four Gospels, but he did not attribute them to the four Gospels, because they were not written at that time, and the following text confirms this clearly:

Act 28:23 So when they had appointed him a day, many came to him at his lodging, to whom he explained and solemnly testified of the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus from both the Law of Moses and the Prophets, from morning till evening.

Act 28:24 And some were persuaded by the things which were spoken, and some disbelieved.

Act 28:25 So when they did not agree among themselves, they departed after Paul had said one word: "The Holy Spirit spoke rightly through Isaiah the prophet to our fathers,

Act 28:26 "saying, ‘Go to this people and say: "Hearing you will hear, and shall not understand; And seeing you will see, and not perceive;

Act 28:27 For the hearts of this people have grown dull. Their ears are hard of hearing, And their eyes they have closed, Lest they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears, Lest they should understand with their hearts and turn, So that I should heal them."‘

Act 28:28 "Therefore let it be known to you that the salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles, and they will hear it!"

Act 28:29 And when he had said these words, the Jews departed and had a great dispute among themselves.

In this text we read that Paul was trying to convince the Jews concerning Jesus as the Christ and the Kingdom of God through the texts of the Old Testament, not through inspiration that he has received from the Lord, or through the texts of the four Gospels, or even through Jesus' miracles, etc., and instead of this he quoted the text of the Book of Isaiah; when they refused him and announced that he will turn to the Gentiles.

This approach or method of preaching emerges clearly in his letters, as in the following texts:

Romans 15:4 For whatever things were written before were written for our learning, that we through the patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope.

In this text Paul says that what has been written in the Old Testament books was for their learning, and I wonder where he read in any text in the prophetic books any talk about the three gods that should be worshiped with the Lord or beside Him, so that they might give him hope?!

1 Corinthians 10:11 Now all these things happened to them as examples, and they were written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the ages have come.

In this text Paul says that what has been written in the Old Testament had been written for their admonition, upon whom the ends of the ages have come, and this view is wrong, because he was thinking that the end of the world will come at his time, as shown previously, (1 Corinthians 15:51) and (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18), so we conclude that he had relied upon the Old Testament in his preaching.

Paul has confirmed the importance of the Old Testament to preach Jesus in his second letter to Timothy, despite his position of the Law and the covenants with the children of Israel, as shown previously, as in the following text:

2 Timothy 3:15 and that from childhood you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus.

2 Timothy 3:16 All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness,

2 Timothy 3:17 that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work.

In this text Paul says that the Old Testament books are able to make the man wise for salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus, and this indicates that the sources which were relied upon by him to preach Jesus is the Old Testament texts, not the four Gospels, or the revelation or the words and the works of Jesus, for this he was keen to keep those books near him, as in the following text:

2 Timothy 4:13 Bring the cloak that I left with Carpus at Troas when you come — and the books, especially the parchments.

In this text Paul asked Timothy to bring the books and the parchments of the Old Testament, because he needs them during his preaching, so, if he really had received a revelation or inspiration of the Holy Spirit what is the need to these books?!

Moreover, this is the same way of Peter's preaching, as in the following text:

1Peter 1:10 Of this salvation the prophets have inquired and searched carefully, who prophesied of the grace that would come to you,

1Peter 1:11 searching what, or what manner of time, the Spirit of Christ who was in them was indicating when He testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ and the glories that would follow.

1Peter 1:12 To them it was revealed that, not to themselves, but to us they were ministering the things which now have been reported to you through those who have preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven — things which angels desire to look into.

In this text Peter says that the prophetic books had prophesied about Jesus, and this proves that his preaching Jesus was based on the Old Testament texts and his interpretation of them, not through a certain revelation that he had received, for this probably the churches did not keep his gospel which was mentioned by Paul, because of their knowledge that it was his way of preaching through his understanding and interpretation of the texts of the Old Testament, not a book has been received through the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, and the reality of those texts or prophecies will be shown soon in this chapter, to make sure if these texts had prophesied really about Jesus, or were taken from these books and put them in the form of narrative to say that they were prophecies about Jesus.

As well as he confirmed this way of preaching in his Second Letter, as in the following text:

2Peter 1:19 And so we have the prophetic word confirmed, which you do well to heed as a light that shines in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts;

2Peter 1:20 knowing this first, that no prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpretation,

2Peter 1:21 for prophecy never came by the will of man, but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit.

New International Version

2 Peter 1:19-21 And we have the word of the prophets made more certain, and you will do well to pay attention to it, as to a light shining in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts.

Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture came about by the prophet's own interpretation.

For prophecy never had its origin in the will man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit.

In this text Peter says that the prophecies of the Old Testament are not of private interpretation, but the prophets spoke through the Holy Spirit, and this is clear as shown previously, yet did the Gospels authors and the authors of New Testament Letters interpret these prophecies through the Holy Spirit, or through their own interpretation? This is what will be known soon.

As for his saying that they have the prophetic word; this indicates to the Old Testament, not to the four Gospels, because they were not written at that time.

All these things lead us to say that the disciples did not preach through a certain book, which have been received by the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, but through their interpretation of the texts of the Old Testament to say that they were prophecies about Jesus.

This way or method or approach was not far away from the Gospels Authors, so that I consider that the Gospels are the practical expression of this way or method or approach and its final production; through collecting huge numbers of texts of the Old Testament and reformulating them in their accounts, and saying that this is the life of Jesus according to the prophecies and the texts of the Old Testament which were fulfilled in Jesus and his generation, to bestow a state of holiness and credibility and reliability on what they have written among the Jews particularly, and among the Gentiles generally, yet they did not say that the Gospels had been written according to their understanding and their interpretation to those texts away from the historical events, for this we find no one of the first century historian has mentioned Jesus, such as Flavius Josephus and Philo of Alexandria, as well as we find a lot of historical contradictions among the Gospels themselves, such as determining the date of the birth of Jesus, etc.. For this they spent dozens of years to collect the texts to write the Gospels, which are small books (Matthew around 55 pages, Mark around 35 pages, Luke around 55 pages and John around 45 pages) comparing with big books such as the Story of Civilization by Will Durant (more than 16000 pages). Despite these long period of time, they were unable to compose an integrated story, or provide a coherent account, as will be shown in this chapter. The following is a review of some texts in the Gospels that refer to this way or method or approach:

Matthew 26:54 "How then could the Scriptures be fulfilled, that it must happen thus?"

Matthew 26:56 "But all this was done that the Scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled." Then all the disciples forsook Him and fled.

Mark 14:49 "I was daily with you in the temple teaching, and you did not seize Me. But the Scriptures must be fulfilled."

Luke 7:27 "This is he of whom it is written: ‘Behold, I send My messenger before Your face, Who will prepare Your way before You’.

New International Version

Luke 7:27 This is the one about whom it is written: ''I will send my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way before you''.

John 12:14 Then Jesus, when He had found a young donkey, sat on it; as it is written:

John 12:38 that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spoke: "Lord, who has believed our report? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?"

John 13:18 "I do not speak concerning all of you. I know whom I have chosen; but that the Scripture may be fulfilled, ‘He who eats bread with Me has lifted up his heel against Me’.

John 17:12 "While I was with them in the world, I kept them in Your name. Those whom You gave Me I have kept; and none of them is lost except the son of perdition, that the Scripture might be fulfilled.

John 19:24 They said therefore among themselves, "Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be," that the Scripture might be fulfilled which says: "They divided My garments among them, And for My clothing they cast lots." Therefore the soldiers did these things.

John 19:28 After this, Jesus, knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, said, "I thirst!"

John 19:36 For these things were done that the Scripture should be fulfilled, "Not one of His bones shall be broken."

Also there are several texts in the Gospels refer to the way or the method that was adopted by Paul and other disciples, including the following texts:

John 5:39 "You search the Scriptures, for in them you think you have eternal life; and these are they which testify of Me.

In this text John writes that Jesus asked the Jews to search in the Old Testament books to know the truth of what he says about himself!

This request indicates that he had relied upon the texts of the Old Testament to prove what he says about his attributes, and not upon the word of the Lord, or upon the revelation, or even upon the inspiration of the Holy Spirit!

Luke 24:13 Now behold, two of them were traveling that same day to a village called Emmaus, which was seven miles from Jerusalem.

Luke 24:14 And they talked together of all these things which had happened.

Luke 24:15 So it was, while they conversed and reasoned, that Jesus Himself drew near and went with them.

Luke 24:16 But their eyes were restrained, so that they did not know Him.

Luke 24:17 And He said to them, "What kind of conversation is this that you have with one another as you walk and are sad?"

Luke 24:18 Then the one whose name was Cleopas answered and said to Him, "Are You the only stranger in Jerusalem, and have You not known the things which happened there in these days?"

Luke 24:19 And He said to them, "What things?" So they said to Him, "The things concerning Jesus of Nazareth, who was a Prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people,

Luke 24:20 "and how the chief priests and our rulers delivered Him to be condemned to death, and crucified Him.

Luke 24:21 "But we were hoping that it was He who was going to redeem Israel. Indeed, besides all this, today is the third day since these things happened.

Luke 24:22 "Yes, and certain women of our company, who arrived at the tomb early, astonished us.

Luke 24:23 "When they did not find His body, they came saying that they had also seen a vision of angels who said He was alive.

Luke 24:24 "And certain of those who were with us went to the tomb and found it just as the women had said; but Him they did not see."

Luke 24:25 Then He said to them, "O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken!

Luke 24:26 "Ought not the Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into His glory?"

Luke 24:27 And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself.

Luke 24:28 Then they drew near to the village where they were going, and He indicated that He would have gone farther.

Luke 24:29 But they constrained Him, saying, "Abide with us, for it is toward evening, and the day is far spent." And He went in to stay with them.

Luke 24:30 Now it came to pass, as He sat at the table with them, that He took bread, blessed and broke it, and gave it to them.

Luke 24:31 Then their eyes were opened and they knew Him; and He vanished from their sight.

Luke 24:32 And they said to one another, "Did not our heart burn within us while He talked with us on the road, and while He opened the Scriptures to us?"

In this text Luke says that Jesus has explained to the two disciples what was said in the Old Testament concerning himself!

This shows that what was relied upon by the Gospels authors to prove that Jesus was the Christ is the Old Testament texts and their interpretation of them, because if they were believing that what they will write of stories about his crucifixion, his death and resurrection as historical events, or as a revelation or inspiration of the Holy Spirit; will be alone enough for preaching. But they were feeling in their minds that what they will say or compose will not be valuable and reliable and credible without based on the texts that were inspired from the revelation or inspiration of the Holy Spirit, and since they do not have such as this revelation or inspiration; so, they were forced to quote the texts from the Old Testament and reformulating them in their accounts about him to preach among the Jews at the beginning and then among the Gentiles.

Then we read text in the Gospel of Luke shows clearly this matter, which is as follows:

Luke 24:44 Then He said to them, "These are the words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms concerning Me."

Luke 24:45 And He opened their understanding, that they might comprehend the Scriptures.

Luke 24:46 Then He said to them, "Thus it is written, and thus it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and to rise from the dead the third day,

In this text we find that Luke has written on the lips of Jesus that he has cited the texts of the Old Testament to prove that he is the Christ, and did not cite to prove this by his works or his miracles, or by the Word of the Lord, and this indicates to the way which was adopted by the Gospels authors to preach Jesus as the Christ, which was through the interpretation of the texts of the Old Testament, and say that they are prophecies concerning Jesus!

John 20:9 For as yet they did not know the Scripture, that He must rise again from the dead.

In this text John says that the disciples did not know that the Old Testament has spoken of the resurrection of Jesus from the dead!

This text shows that what he has written, and the rest of the authors, is just to explain and interpret the texts of the Old Testament, which also confirms that they have not written the Gospels through the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, otherwise, what is the need to prove the resurrection of Jesus through the texts of the Old Testament, if he really rose from the dead?!

John 5:45 "Do not think that I shall accuse you to the Father; there is one who accuses you — Moses, in whom you trust.

John 5:46 "For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me; for he wrote about Me.

John 5:47 "But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe My words?"

In this text John writes on the lips of Jesus saying that Moses will accuse the Jews to Jesus' father for he wrote about him, yet they did not believe Jesus!

And here I have two questions; the first is what did Moses write about Jesus?

The second is if Jesus is a god and equal to his father and has the same nature and essence, as the churches say, so what is the need to accuse them by Moses; for he has the ability to judge them directly?!

These texts and many others, in addition to all the issues that are raised about the Gospels and the authors, whether historical issues, linguistic, doctrinal and textual, etc., requires us to study the texts and stories of the Gospels through new way to verify the reliability and the credibility of the Gospels, and the way of the writing; by examining all the texts and the stories of the Gospels and comparing them with the texts of the Old Testament that were attributed to it whether directly or indirectly.

For this we should find a law to be the judge in the evaluation of these texts, because it is not enough to state that the Gospels contradict with the principles and the concepts of the Old Testament to make them not reliable and not credible, both historically or objectively, I mean in this aspect, the method of quoting from the Old Testament texts, and their accuracy and consistency with the stories of the Gospels, and this law must be accepted by all people and minds, I have found this law in the Old Testament, which is "do not accept the lying and false", as in the following texts:

Exodus 23:7 "Keep yourself far from a false matter; do not kill the innocent and righteous. For I will not justify the wicked.

Leviticus 19:11 ‘You shall not steal, nor deal falsely, nor lie to one another.

Exodus 23:1 "You shall not circulate a false report. Do not put your hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness.

This law will be the judge in the study of the texts and the stories of the Gospels that were quoted from the Old Testament, which is accepted by all people.

As well as, this law is consistent with the attributes of the Lord the Creator of the heavens and the earth, as in the following text:

Numbers 23:19 "God is not a man, that He should lie, Nor a son of man, that He should repent. Has He said, and will He not do? Or has He spoken, and will He not make it good?

The Lord the Creator of the heavens and the earth is not a man therefore He does not lie, so if any word or story is false or lie or not true and had been attributed to Him, or to the revelation or to the inspiration of Holy Spirit; certainly He did not say it, or was inspired by Him, and we in the end of this chapter will see how many stories and sayings and words of the Gospels that will remain away from this law, and does not apply to them!

Whereupon we will know the sources and the credibility and the reliability of the Gospels, and if it was the word of the Lord or revelation or inspiration of the Holy Spirit, or they are just stories and sayings have been quoted from the Old Testament and reformulated in the books which later named the Gospels; away from the LORD and His Word and the Revelation and the Spirit.

Given the enormous texts which were quoted in the four Gospels, and the variety ways of Quoting; such as some of the texts say as it is written, and some of them say to fulfilled of what is said, and so on. In addition, that some of them quoted some texts during the arguments, dialogues and discussions between the figures of the Gospels, as what happened during the temptation of Jesus, or when Jesus has argued and discussed the Jews, and some of them in a certain way; without having attributed directly to the Old Testament, such as the texts that had been written about the trial and crucifixion of Jesus, and other ways of Quoting, These matters, whether the texts or the ways make the researcher puzzled from where to start! After careful consideration, I have decided to divide them into several sections, which are as follows:

The first section is the texts in the Gospels that have been attributed to the Old Testament, which are not written in it!

The second section is the texts in the Gospels that have been attributed to some of the books of the Old Testament, while they are written in other books.

The third section is the texts in the Gospels that mentioned some names and numbers which are contrary to what is written in the Old Testament.

The fourth section is the texts that have been attributed directly to the Old Testament, and comparing them with the texts of the Old Testament to find out the truth and the credibility and the reliability of these texts, and if they have been fulfilled in Jesus and his time and his generation or not.

The fifth section is the texts that have quoted the texts of the Old Testament during some dialogues and discussions and arguments that took place among the persons of the Gospels, whether Jesus or the Jews or even the devil.

The sixth section is the texts that were not attributed directly to the Old Testament, but were quoted from it and examining them and comparing them with the texts of the Old Testament to find out if they were talking about Jesus or not.

Chapter III: The Texts in the Gospels that Contain Unacceptable Errors

Chapter III

Section I: The Texts which have been attributed to the Old Testament, while they are not written in it

Matthew 2:22 But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea instead of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there. And being warned by God in a dream, he turned aside into the region of Galilee.

Matthew 2:23 And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, "He shall be called a Nazarene."

In this text Matthew says that Joseph went and dwelt in Nazareth to fulfill what was spoken by the prophets that Jesus should be called a Nazarene, and this text did not exist, because it's not written in the books of the prophets, nor in the rest of the Old Testament books, so why Matthew wrote this text and said that the prophets have said this phrase?!

This text indicates that the Gospels contain false texts, which are not accepted by the Lord and people, as shown previously.

John 1:45 Philip found Nathanael and said to him, "We have found Him of whom Moses in the law, and also the prophets, wrote — Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph."

John 1:46 And Nathanael said to him, "Can anything good come out of Nazareth?" Philip said to him, "Come and see."

In this text John writes on the lips of Philip that they have found of whom wrote Moses in the Law and the prophets, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph, this text also does not exist in the Law, nor in the books of the prophets, as well as it contrasts with the other Gospels, which say that Jesus was born of a woman without any male intervention, and he was conceived in his mother from the Holy Spirit, (Matthew 1:20), and Joseph had no union with Mary until she gave birth to Jesus, (Matthew 1:25), (this paragraph has been changed in some versions to "and did not know her till she had brought forth her firstborn Son")!

So why John wrote this text and attributed it to Moses and the prophets, with his knowledge that he contrasts with the other Gospels?

So, does the law "do not accept the lying and false" apply to this text, which had been attributed to Moses and the prophets, while it's not written in the Old Testament, or not?!

Section II: The Texts that have been attributed to some of the Books of the Old Testament, while they are written in other Books

Matthew 27:3 Then Judas, His betrayer, seeing that He had been condemned, was remorseful and brought back the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders,

Matthew 27:4 saying, "I have sinned by betraying innocent blood." And they said, "What is that to us? You see to it!"

Matthew 27:5 Then he threw down the pieces of silver in the temple and departed, and went and hanged himself.

Matthew 27:6 But the chief priests took the silver pieces and said, "It is not lawful to put them into the treasury, because they are the price of blood."

Matthew 27:7 And they consulted together and bought with them the potter’s field, to bury strangers in.

Matthew 27:8 Therefore that field has been called the Field of Blood to this day.

Matthew 27:9 Then was fulfilled what was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet, saying, "And they took the thirty pieces of silver, the value of Him who was priced, whom they of the children of Israel priced,

Matthew 27:10 "and gave them for the potter’s field, as the Lord directed me."

In this text Matthew attributed the text of the thirty pieces of silver to the book of Jeremiah, and this is wrong, because it is written in the book of Zechariah, as in the following text:

Zechariah 11:12 Then I said to them, "If it is agreeable to you, give me my wages; and if not, refrain." So they weighed out for my wages thirty pieces of silver.

The lack of knowledge of Matthew of the Book that mentioned the text of the thirty pieces of silver; does this indicate to his extensive knowledge of the Old Testament, or that he wrote his Gospel by revelation or inspiration of the Holy Spirit?!

John 15:25 "But this happened that the word might be fulfilled which is written in their law, ‘They hated Me without a cause’.

In this text John attributed the paragraph "They hated me without a cause" to the Law, and this is wrong, because it is mentioned in the Psalms, not in the Law, as in the following texts:

Psalm 35:19 Let them not rejoice over me who are wrongfully my enemies; Nor let them wink with the eye who hate me without a cause.

Psalm 69:4 Those who hate me without a cause Are more than the hairs of my head; They are mighty who would destroy me, Being my enemies wrongfully; Though I have stolen nothing, I still must restore it.

As well as the Law is not called the Psalms, because the Law is the laws and commandments, which Moses had received from the Lord, which is the first five Books of the Old Testament, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, numbers and Deuteronomy, and the meaning of the word Law in the Hebrew language does not mean the word Psalms, because the word Law means Torah and the word Psalms means divine songs.

So why John wrote this error, if he has written his Gospel by the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, or at least if he has extensive knowledge in the Old Testament books?!

John 10:34 Jesus answered them, "Is it not written in your law, ‘I said, "You are gods’?"

John 10:35 "If He called them gods, to whom the word of God came (and the Scripture cannot be broken),

In this text John repeats the same error again, because the paragraph "I said, You are gods" not written in the Law, but in the Psalms, as in the following text:

Psalm 82:6 I said, "You are gods, And all of you are children of the Most High.

Psalm 82:7 But you shall die like men, And fall like one of the princes."

Psalm 82:8 Arise, O God, judge the earth; For You shall inherit all nations.

So, why John could not distinguish between the Law and the Psalms?

Is it possible to the revelation or the Holy Spirit or the word of the Lord to fall in such as this error, if John has written his Gospel through the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit or the word of the Lord?!

Section III: The Texts that mentioned some names and numbers, which are contrary to what is written in the Old Testament

Matthew 23:35 "that on you may come all the righteous blood shed on the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah, son of Berechiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar.

Matthew 23:36 "Assuredly, I say to you, all these things will come upon this generation.

In this text Matthew says that the person who was killed by the Jews between the temple and the altar is Zechariah the son of Berechiah, and this is wrong, because the Old Testament says that the person who was killed by the Jews between the temple and the altar is Zechariah the son of Jehoiada, as in the following text:

2 Chronicles 24:20 Then the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest, who stood above the people, and said to them, "Thus says God: ‘Why do you transgress the commandments of the LORD, so that you cannot prosper? Because you have forsaken the LORD, He also has forsaken you’."

2 Chronicles 24:21 So they conspired against him, and at the command of the king they stoned him with stones in the court of the house of the LORD.

2 Chronicles 24:22 Thus Joash the king did not remember the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done to him, but killed his son; and as he died, he said, "The LORD look on it, and repay!"

Zechariah the son of Berechiah was of the prophets of the Children of Israel after the Babylonian Captivity, for this when Zacharias the son of Berechiah was alive there was no temple to kill him inside it by the Jews. Moreover there is no historical source says that the Jews killed him.

So, does Matthew's inability to determine the name of the man who was killed by the Jews refer that he has written this text through the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, or that he has extensive knowledge in the Old Testament?!

Thus, the law "do not accept the lying and false" applies to this error.

Mark 2:25 But He said to them, "Have you never read what David did when he was in need and hungry, he and those with him:

Mark 2:26 "how he went into the house of God in the days of Abiathar the high priest, and ate the showbread, which is not lawful to eat, except for the priests, and also gave some to those who were with him?"

In this text Mark says that David went into the house of God in the days of Abiathar the high priest, and this is wrong, because the Old Testament says that David went into the house of God in the days of Ahimelech the priest, not in the days of Abiathar, who became a high priest after the death of his father Ahimelech, as in the following text:

1 Samuel 21:1 Now David came to Nob, to Ahimelech the priest. And Ahimelech was afraid when he met David, and said to him, "Why are you alone, and no one is with you?"

Does such as this simple error in the name of the priest which written by Mark indicate that he has written his Gospel through the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit?!

Act 7:15 "So Jacob went down to Egypt; and he died, he and our fathers.

Act 7:16 "And they were carried back to Shechem and laid in the tomb that Abraham bought for a sum of money from the sons of Hamor, the father of Shechem.

In this text Luke writes that the one who bought the tomb of Shechem is Abraham, and this is wrong, because the Old Testament states that the one who bought the tomb of Shechem is Jacob, not Abraham, as in the following texts:

Joshua 24:32 The bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel had brought up out of Egypt, they buried at Shechem, in the plot of ground which Jacob had bought from the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem for one hundred pieces of silver, and which had become an inheritance of the children of Joseph.

Genesis 33:19 And he bought the parcel of land, where he had pitched his tent, from the children of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for one hundred pieces of money.

So does this mistake indicate that Luke has written the Acts of Apostles through the revelation or the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, or even that he has extensive knowledge in the Old Testament?

Act 7:14 "Then Joseph sent and called his father Jacob and all his relatives to him, seventy-five people.

In this text Luke says that the number of those who went into Egypt are seventy-five people, and this is also wrong, because the Old Testament says that whom went into Egypt seventy persons, as in the following text:

Genesis 46:26 All the persons who went with Jacob to Egypt, who came from his body, besides Jacob’s sons’ wives, were sixty-six persons in all.

Genesis 46:27 And the sons of Joseph who were born to him in Egypt were two persons. All the persons of the house of Jacob who went to Egypt were seventy.

Hence, the inability of Luke to determine the number of those who went into Egypt; is it from the Spirit of God or from the spirit of evil?!

Luke 4:25 "But I tell you truly, many widows were in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the heaven was shut up three years and six months, and there was a great famine throughout all the land;

In this text Luke writes on the lips of Jesus that he said that the heaven was shut up three years and six months in the time of Elijah, and this is also wrong, because the Old Testament says that the interruption of the rain was less than three years, as in the following texts:

1Kings 17:1 And Elijah the Tishbite, of the inhabitants of Gilead, said to Ahab, "As the LORD God of Israel lives, before whom I stand, there shall not be dew nor rain these years, except at my word."

1Kings 18:1 And it came to pass after many days that the word of the LORD came to Elijah, in the third year, saying, "Go, present yourself to Ahab, and I will send rain on the earth."

As we read that the rain came in the third year, not as Luke said, and this shows that his knowledge of the Old Testament was not widely! And this error was written also by James in his letter (James 5:17-18), as shown previously.

From these errors and many others appears to us that there are texts and stories in the Gospels could not to be written through the revelation, or by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, which means that they are not the Word of the Lord or a revelation from Him, because the Word of the Lord and the revelation do not fall in any error, as well as falling in such simple errors, which does not need more than basic general knowledge in what is written in the Old Testament for not writing them.