Chapter I
The Principles and Concepts of the Old Testament, and the Relationship of the Gospels Authors with them
The reliance of the Gospel authors and the various churches on the Old Testament, and considering themselves as an extension to it, whether by quoting the texts, or its history, requires us a pause for comparison between the principles and concepts of the Old Testament and the principles and concepts of the Gospels to find out the truth of this reliance and this extension, and to discover the real sources that were relied upon by the Gospel authors, as well as, it requires us to show and clarify the relationship between the Old Testament and the Gospel authors, and their position on it in general.
For this, I will review the most important principles and concepts of the Old Testament, and compare them with the principles and concepts of the Gospels; to determine whether they agree with each other or not; and if not, we should study and search to discover the sources that have been relied upon by the Gospel authors to write their accounts, and I will start with the first and the most important principle, which is the Oneness of the Lord the Creator of the heavens and the earth and worship Him alone.
Principle I: The Oneness of the Lord the Creator and worship Him alone
The entire Old Testament is based on one principle and great basis, which is the Oneness of the LORD the God the Creator of the heavens and the earth and worship Him alone, and there are in the Hebrew language several names that refer to the God such as El, Jehovah, Adonai and Elohim, etc., and all refer to the LORD the Creator the only true God, who there is no God besides Him, and among the gods there is none like Him, He who only does wondrous things, and there is no god in the heavens or on the earth like Him, and He does not lie nor relent, for He is not a man, nor a son of man, and does not dwell on the earth with humans, and He does deny what He said and does not regret what promise. For all these, He asked the mankind through the prophets to worship Him alone and obey to His orders and commandments, and the following texts show these things, which are a few of the texts that mentioned in the Old Testament.
Nehemiah 9:6 You alone are the LORD; You have made heaven, The heaven of heavens, with all their host, The earth and everything on it, The seas and all that is in them, And You preserve them all. The host of heaven worships You.
In this text we read that the Lord is the only true God, and He is the Creator of the heavens and the earth, and He who alone gives life to all creations, and all creations in the heavens and earth should worship Him alone.
Psalm 18:31 For who is God, except the LORD? And who is a rock, except our God?
This text shows the truth of divinity, and that no one has characterized it, but the LORD God alone.
Psalm 72:18 Blessed be the LORD God, the God of Israel, Who only does wondrous things!
Psalm 72:19 And blessed be His glorious name forever! And let the whole earth be filled with His glory. Amen and Amen.
In this text we read that the Lord only who does the miracles and wonders, for this, He alone deserves blessed, and glorify His name forever.
Psalm 83:18 That they may know that You, whose name alone is the LORD, Are the Most High over all the earth.
This text says that the Lord alone, Most High over all the earth, and his name in the Old Testament Jehovah.
Psalm 86:8 Among the gods there is none like You, O Lord; Nor are there any works like Your works.
Psalm 86:9 All nations whom You have made Shall come and worship before You, O Lord, And shall glorify Your name.
Psalm 86:10 For You are great, and do wondrous things; You alone are God.
In this text we read that no one is like the Lord among the alleged gods, because no one can do like His works and His miracles, which show His greatness, and this shows that the LORD alone deserves worship.
Deuteronomy 32:39 ‘Now see that I, even I, am He, And there is no God besides Me; I kill and I make alive; I wound and I heal; Nor is there any who can deliver from My hand.
Deuteronomy 32:40 For I raise My hand to heaven, And say, "As I live forever.
In this text the Lord says that He is the only true God, and no gods with Him or beside Him, and lives forever, and He kills and makes alive and wounds and heals, and there is no one who can deliver from His hand. And here, if we compare the attributes of the Lord with the attributes of Jesus that have been developed by the Gospels authors and the churches, especially that says that Jesus died on the cross, we will find a big difference between the Lord and Jesus. And when the Lord says that there are no gods with Him or beside Him, does this mean that there are two other gods with Him or beside Him?!
Deuteronomy 4:35 "To you it was shown, that you might know that the LORD Himself is God; there is none other besides Him.
Deuteronomy 4:36 "Out of heaven He let you hear His voice, that He might instruct you; on earth He showed you His great fire, and you heard His words out of the midst of the fire.
Deuteronomy 4:37 "And because He loved your fathers, therefore He chose their descendants after them; and He brought you out of Egypt with His Presence, with His mighty power,
Deuteronomy 4:38 "driving out from before you nations greater and mightier than you, to bring you in, to give you their land as an inheritance, as it is this day.
Deuteronomy 4:39 "Therefore know this day, and consider it in your heart, that the LORD Himself is God in heaven above and on the earth beneath; there is no other.
This text says that the Lord is the God in heaven above and on the earth below, there is no other gods, and repeated here the former saying, that there is no god but the Lord the Creator of the heavens and the earth, yet the Gospel authors and churches say that there are three gods! However, the important thing in this text is the saying that the Lord is the God in the heaven and on the earth, and by comparing this with what Jesus said during his trial that his kingdom is not of this world we will realize the difference between the LORD the God and Jesus, as in the following text:
John 18:33 Then Pilate entered the Praetorium again, called Jesus, and said to Him, "Are You the King of the Jews?"
John 18:34 Jesus answered him, "Are you speaking for yourself about this, or did others tell you this concerning Me?"
John 18:35 Pilate answered, "Am I a Jew? Your own nation and the chief priests have delivered You to me. What have You done?"
John 18:36 Jesus answered, "My kingdom is not of this world. If My kingdom were of this world, My servants would fight, so that I should not be delivered to the Jews; but now My kingdom is not from here."
The one who says that his kingdom is not of this world, is this indicates that he has divine attributes as the Lord who is the God in the heavens above and on the earth below?!
2 Chronicles 6:14 and he said: "LORD God of Israel, there is no God in heaven or on earth like You, who keep Your covenant and mercy with Your servants who walk before You with all their hearts.
This text says that there is no god in heaven and on earth like the LORD, and this text refutes the words of Jesus who likened his father to himself as in the following texts:
John 14:8 Philip said to Him, "Lord, show us the Father, and it is sufficient for us."
John 14:9 Jesus said to him, "Have I been with you so long, and yet you have not known Me, Philip? He who has seen Me has seen the Father; so how can you say, ‘Show us the Father’?
John 12:45 "And he who sees Me sees Him who sent Me.
In these texts, Jesus says that he who has seen him, he has seen his father, which means that the father of Jesus is like Jesus; and Jesus himself was like the rest of the people, i.e., that Jesus and his father are like humans, and this indicates that there is no relationship between them and the Lord the Creator, because they are like the people and the LORD the God the Creator there is nothing in heaven or on earth like Him.
Daniel 6:26 I make a decree that in every dominion of my kingdom men must tremble and fear before the God of Daniel. For He is the living God, And steadfast forever; His kingdom is the one which shall not be destroyed, And His dominion shall endure to the end.
This text says that the Lord is the living God and steadfast forever, and His kingdom is the one which shall not be destroyed, and His dominion shall endure to the end, and these attributes, as we know, were not, in any moment, of the attributes of Jesus, as we read his saying earlier that his kingdom is not of this world, as well as, we find that he also refused to be king when the Jews tried to make him a king, as in the following text:
John 6:15 Therefore when Jesus perceived that they were about to come and take Him by force to make Him king, He departed again to the mountain by Himself alone.
The one who refuses to become a King, does anyone doubt that he did not have a Kingdom, and it will not be destroyed, and who he refused to be king in the first time to establish his kingdom; what is the guarantee that if he comes back at the second time he will have the kingdom, knowing; that he said that his second coming will be before the death of all his disciples, and we all know that all the disciples died before nineteen centuries and did not come as he promised, as in the following texts:
Matthew 16:28 "Assuredly, I say to you, there are some standing here who shall not taste death till they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom."
Mark 9:1 And He said to them, "Assuredly, I say to you that there are some standing here who will not taste death till they see the kingdom of God present with power."
Luke 9:27 "But I tell you truly, there are some standing here who shall not taste death till they see the kingdom of God."
So, Jesus who said that his kingdom will come before the death of all disciples and did not come; could anyone say that he has a kingdom, and will not pass away, and will not be destroyed, which did not appear after two thousand years? Does this indicates that his kingdom will not pass away forever, as is the case of the Kingdom of the LORD the Creator, which each atom and creature and galaxy in the universe refers to the greatness of his kingdom and his power?!
2 Chronicles 14:11 And Asa cried out to the LORD his God, and said, "LORD, it is nothing for You to help, whether with many or with those who have no power; help us, O LORD our God, for we rest on You, and in Your name we go against this multitude. O LORD, You are our God; do not let man prevail against You!"
This text says that the Lord does not let man prevail against Him, while, a handful people have prevailed against Jesus, and whipped him and beat him and mocked him, and spat on him and at the end crucified him, and this is of course according to what is written in the Gospels, so the difference is very clear between the LORD and Jesus and does not need more explanations!
Psalm 121:4 Behold, He who keeps Israel Shall neither slumber nor sleep.
Psalm 121:5 The LORD is your keeper; The LORD is your shade at your right hand.
This text says that the Lord shall neither slumber nor sleep, and the Gospels authors have written that Jesus was sleeping, and even he had slept on a pillow in a ship, and this indicates that he didn't have a unique relationship with the Lord, the Creator of the heavens and the earth, but as the rest of the people by pray and submission to His will.
Mark 4:38 But He was in the stern, asleep on a pillow. And they awoke Him and said to Him, "Teacher, do You not care that we are perishing?"
Deuteronomy 6:4 "Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one!
Deuteronomy 6:5 "You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength.
The Lord the God is one, and I am wondering if one means three?
1 Samuel 15:29 "And also the Strength of Israel will not lie nor relent. For He is not a man, that He should relent."
In this text we read that the Lord the God is not a man, so what did Jesus say about himself in the Gospels?
John 8:40 "But now you seek to kill Me, a Man who has told you the truth which I heard from God. Abraham did not do this.
Jesus says about himself that he is a man, and the LORD the God in the Old Testament said that He is not a man, so how the Gospels authors and the churches say that Jesus who is a man is a god, if their sources are the same sources of the Old Testament?!
2 Chronicles 6:18 "But will God indeed dwell with men on the earth? Behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain You. How much less this temple which I have built!
2 Chronicles 6:19 "Yet regard the prayer of Your servant and his supplication, O LORD my God, and listen to the cry and the prayer which Your servant is praying before You.
In this text we read that the Lord does not dwell with men on the earth, because heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain Him, and the Gospels authors and the Churches say that Jesus was a man, and dwelt on the earth, not only this, but dwelt in the womb of a woman nine months, and he was sleeping on a pillow in a ship. So, do these characteristics indicate that he is a god?
Deuteronomy 4:12 "And the LORD spoke to you out of the midst of the fire. You heard the sound of the words, but saw no form; you only heard a voice.
Deuteronomy 4:13 "So He declared to you His covenant which He commanded you to perform, the Ten Commandments; and He wrote them on two tablets of stone.
Deuteronomy 4:14 "And the LORD commanded me at that time to teach you statutes and judgments, that you might observe them in the land which you cross over to possess.
Deuteronomy 4:15 "Take careful heed to yourselves, for you saw no form when the LORD spoke to you at Horeb out of the midst of the fire,
Deuteronomy 4:16 "lest you act corruptly and make for yourselves a carved image in the form of any figure: the likeness of male or female,
Deuteronomy 4:17 "the likeness of any animal that is on the earth or the likeness of any winged bird that flies in the air,
Deuteronomy 4:18 "the likeness of anything that creeps on the ground or the likeness of any fish that is in the water beneath the earth.
These verses emphasize that no one has seen the Lord, not only in Sinai, but in the other places, and there are texts declare that anyone see the Lord will die, because it is unable to see the glory and the greatness of the Lord, as in the following text:
Exodus 33:18 And he said, "Please, show me Your glory."
Exodus 33:19 Then He said, "I will make all My goodness pass before you, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before you. I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion."
Exodus 33:20 But He said, "You cannot see My face; for no man shall see Me, and live."
While the Gospels authors and the churches say that Jesus is like his father, thus they are like other human beings in terms of the form and image!
Not only this, but they say that people had mocked Jesus and flogged him and spat on him and crucified him. So is there any similarity between the LORD the Creator who is not seen; and no one sees Him and remains alive, and Jesus and his father, who are resemble the people and anyone can see them?
John 14:8 Philip said to Him, "Lord, show us the Father, and it is sufficient for us."
John 14:9 Jesus said to him, "Have I been with you so long, and yet you have not known Me, Philip? He who has seen Me has seen the Father; so how can you say, ‘Show us the Father’?
John 12:45 "And he who sees Me sees Him who sent Me.
Then the text starts threatening people from making statues in any form, which the churches did not commit to it, especially the Catholic Church, which is not only making statues of different types, but they anoint these statues of oil of the chrism, and say that this anointing with some prayers makes the Holy Spirit comes in those statues!
Isaiah 40:18 To whom then will you liken God? Or what likeness will you compare to Him?
Isaiah 40:19 The workman molds an image, The goldsmith overspreads it with gold, And the silversmith casts silver chains.
Isaiah 40:20 Whoever is too impoverished for such a contribution Chooses a tree that will not rot; He seeks for himself a skillful workman To prepare a carved image that will not totter.
Isaiah 40:21 Have you not known? Have you not heard? Has it not been told you from the beginning? Have you not understood from the foundations of the earth?
Isaiah 40:25 "Or to whom shall I be equal?" says the Holy One.
Isaiah 40:26 Lift up your eyes on high, And see who has created these things, Who brings out their host by number; He calls them all by name, By the greatness of His might And the strength of His power; Not one is missing.
Isaiah 40:27 Why do you say, O Jacob, And speak, O Israel: "My way is hidden from the LORD, And my just claim is passed over by my God"?
Isaiah 40:28 Have you not known? Have you not heard? The everlasting God, the LORD, The Creator of the ends of the earth, Neither faints nor is weary. His understanding is unsearchable.
Isaiah 40:29 He gives power to the weak, And to those who have no might He increases strength.
So, to whom do the Gospels authors and the churches liken the LORD the God? Or what likeness do they compare to Him? Or to whom shall He be equal?
Is Jesus compare and equal to the LORD the Creator, who was a man, and eats and drinks and sleeps and feels hungry and thirsty, and was beaten and flogged and crucified and spat on him?!
Have the Gospels authors and the churches not known? Have they not heard that the LORD the God the Creator of the heavens and the earth is not a man, neither faints nor is weary, while, Jesus was feeling weary and tired if he walks a few kilometers?
John 4:6 Now Jacob’s well was there. Jesus therefore, being wearied from His journey, sat thus by the well. It was about the sixth hour.
To whom then do the Gospels authors liken the LORD? Or what likeness do they compare to Him? Or to whom shall He be equal?", says the Holy One.
Is Jesus compare and equal to the LORD the Creator, who could not protect himself from the suffering?!
Are Jesus' attributes like the attributes of the LORD the God, the Creator of the heavens and the earth to be equal to Him?!
The Lord says in the Old Testament, He is the First and He is the Last; Beside Him there is no god, and no one can proclaim as He does, and nothing is like Him, as in the following text:
Isaiah 44:6 "Thus says the LORD, the King of Israel, And his Redeemer, the LORD of hosts: ‘I am the First and I am the Last; Besides Me there is no God.
Isaiah 44:7 And who can proclaim as I do? Then let him declare it and set it in order for Me, Since I appointed the ancient people. And the things that are coming and shall come, Let them show these to them.
Isaiah 44:8 Do not fear, nor be afraid; Have I not told you from that time, and declared it? You are My witnesses. Is there a God besides Me? Indeed there is no other Rock; I know not one’."
Isaiah 44:9 Those who make an image, all of them are useless, And their precious things shall not profit; They are their own witnesses; They neither see nor know, that they may be ashamed.
Isaiah 44:10 Who would form a god or mold an image That profits him nothing?
Isaiah 44:11 Surely all his companions would be ashamed; And the workmen, they are mere men. Let them all be gathered together, Let them stand up; Yet they shall fear, They shall be ashamed together.
Isaiah 44:12 The blacksmith with the tongs works one in the coals, Fashions it with hammers, And works it with the strength of his arms. Even so, he is hungry, and his strength fails; He drinks no water and is faint.
Isaiah 44:13 The craftsman stretches out his rule, He marks one out with chalk; He fashions it with a plane, He marks it out with the compass, And makes it like the figure of a man, According to the beauty of a man, that it may remain in the house.
Isaiah 44:14 He cuts down cedars for himself, And takes the cypress and the oak; He secures it for himself among the trees of the forest. He plants a pine, and the rain nourishes it.
Isaiah 44:15 Then it shall be for a man to burn, For he will take some of it and warm himself; Yes, he kindles it and bakes bread; Indeed he makes a god and worships it; He makes it a carved image, and falls down to it.
Isaiah 44:16 He burns half of it in the fire; With this half he eats meat; He roasts a roast, and is satisfied. He even warms himself and says, "Ah! I am warm, I have seen the fire."
Isaiah 44:17 And the rest of it he makes into a god, His carved image. He falls down before it and worships it, Prays to it and says, "Deliver me, for you are my god!"
Isaiah 44:18 They do not know nor understand; For He has shut their eyes, so that they cannot see, And their hearts, so that they cannot understand.
Isaiah 44:19 And no one considers in his heart, Nor is there knowledge nor understanding to say, "I have burned half of it in the fire, Yes, I have also baked bread on its coals; I have roasted meat and eaten it; And shall I make the rest of it an abomination? Shall I fall down before a block of wood?"
Isaiah 44:20 He feeds on ashes; A deceived heart has turned him aside; And he cannot deliver his soul, Nor say, "Is there not a lie in my right hand?"
Isaiah 44:21 "Remember these, O Jacob, And Israel, for you are My servant; I have formed you, you are My servant; O Israel, you will not be forgotten by Me!
Isaiah 44:22 I have blotted out, like a thick cloud, your transgressions, And like a cloud, your sins. Return to Me, for I have redeemed you."
Isaiah 44:23 Sing, O heavens, for the LORD has done it! Shout, you lower parts of the earth; Break forth into singing, you mountains, O forest, and every tree in it! For the LORD has redeemed Jacob, And glorified Himself in Israel.
Isaiah 44:24 Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer, And He who formed you from the womb: "I am the LORD, who makes all things, Who stretches out the heavens all alone, Who spreads abroad the earth by Myself;
Isaiah 44:25 Who frustrates the signs of the babblers, And drives diviners mad; Who turns wise men backward, And makes their knowledge foolishness;
Isaiah 44:26 Who confirms the word of His servant, And performs the counsel of His messengers; Who says to Jerusalem, ‘You shall be inhabited’, To the cities of Judah, ‘You shall be built’, And I will raise up her waste places;
Isaiah 44:27 Who says to the deep, ‘Be dry! And I will dry up your rivers’;
Isaiah 44:28 Who says of Cyrus, ‘He is My shepherd, And he shall perform all My pleasure, Saying to Jerusalem, "You shall be built," And to the temple, "Your foundation shall be laid."‘
This text needs to reading and thinking and contemplating on its meanings more than interpretation; to make the good people of followers of the churches understand the difference between the LORD the God the Creator of the heavens and the earth, and what the Gospels authors and the churches say about Jesus, as well as to understand what will be their destiny after the end of this life, as a result of worshiping other gods, away from the Lord the God the Creator of the heavens and the earth, the Holy One, who there is no creature like Him or equal to him, who He is the First and the Last and there is no god beside Him, who makes all things, who stretches out the heavens all Alone. And here I am wondering if the phrase "there is no god beside Him" means that there are other gods beside Him, or the word "alone" means three gods, or means One God?!
This text confirms that the Lord the Creator of the heavens and the earth is the only true God in the universe, no gods beside Him or with Him.
The texts that talk about this fact in Old Testament are too many, including the following texts:
Isaiah 45:5 I am the LORD, and there is no other; There is no God besides Me. I will gird you, though you have not known Me,
Isaiah 45:6 That they may know from the rising of the sun to its setting That there is none besides Me. I am the LORD, and there is no other;
Isaiah 45:7 I form the light and create darkness, I make peace and create calamity; I, the LORD, do all these things’.
Isaiah 45:15 Truly You are God, who hide Yourself, O God of Israel, the Savior!
Isaiah 45:16 They shall be ashamed And also disgraced, all of them; They shall go in confusion together, Who are makers of idols.
Isaiah 45:17 But Israel shall be saved by the LORD With an everlasting salvation; You shall not be ashamed or disgraced Forever and ever.
Isaiah 45:18 For thus says the LORD, Who created the heavens, Who is God, Who formed the earth and made it, Who has established it, Who did not create it in vain, Who formed it to be inhabited: "I am the LORD, and there is no other.
Isaiah 45:19 I have not spoken in secret, In a dark place of the earth; I did not say to the seed of Jacob, ‘Seek Me in vain’; I, the LORD, speak righteousness, I declare things that are right.
Isaiah 45:20 "Assemble yourselves and come; Draw near together, You who have escaped from the nations. They have no knowledge, Who carry the wood of their carved image, And pray to a god that cannot save.
Isaiah 45:21 Tell and bring forth your case; Yes, let them take counsel together. Who has declared this from ancient time? Who has told it from that time? Have not I, the LORD? And there is no other God besides Me, A just God and a Savior; There is none besides Me.
Isaiah 45:22 "Look to Me, and be saved, All you ends of the earth! For I am God, and there is no other.
The LORD is the God, who created the heavens and the earth, there is no other god beside Him or with Him, to be known by the whole of humanity from all over the world that there are no other gods, who hides Himself not as Jesus and his father, who the people did not see him only, but also beat him and whipped him and spat on him and mocked him and crucified him!
The LORD is One, who created the earth, who did not create it in vain, who has not spoken in secret or in a dark place of the earth, who He was saying things that will happen in the future, which they had occurred as He said, unlike Jesus, who was often speaking in secret and in the dark, as in the following text:
Matthew 10:27 "Whatever I tell you in the dark, speak in the light; and what you hear in the ear, preach on the housetops.
He who also did not say any prophecy that will happen in the future and occurred as he said! I have shown in detail all of his prophecies that did not take place, in the book "Jesus the Son of Joseph the Carpenter... Confusing Questions", and here I will just mention one prophecy as an example.
Matthew 10:23 "When they persecute you in this city, flee to another. For assuredly, I say to you, you will not have gone through the cities of Israel before the Son of Man comes.
In this text Jesus says that he will come back again before the disciples have completed their preaching in the cities of Israel, and we know that the disciples and churches have completed the preaching in the most of the cities of the world, not only in Israel, yet he did not come back again! For this we have to say that there are no gods beside the Lord the Creator of the heavens and the earth or with Him, and no Savior except the LORD the Creator, as He said in the text.
Isaiah 46:5 "To whom will you liken Me, and make Me equal And compare Me, that we should be alike?
Isaiah 46:6 They lavish gold out of the bag, And weigh silver on the scales; They hire a goldsmith, and he makes it a god; They prostrate themselves, yes, they worship.
Isaiah 46:7 They bear it on the shoulder, they carry it And set it in its place, and it stands; From its place it shall not move. Though one cries out to it, yet it cannot answer Nor save him out of his trouble.
Isaiah 46:8 "Remember this, and show yourselves men; Recall to mind, O you transgressors.
Isaiah 46:9 Remember the former things of old, For I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like Me.
This text confirms once again that the Lord the Creator of the heavens and the earth is the only true God, and there are no other gods, and there is no god like him or equal to him, and if anyone has doubts about this fact, he should compare the gods and their attributes with the Lord and His attributes, and I have shown the difference between the attributes of the Lord the only true God the Creator of the heavens and the earth; and the attributes of Jesus and his father in the book "The Gospels Figures", and showed in detail that there is no similarity between the attributes of Jesus and his father; and the attributes of the LORD in the Old Testament, and the most important one is that the LORD the God the Creator of the heavens and the earth is the One, there is no god beside Him, there is no god like Him, He is not a man, He who hides Himself, and no man can see Him, not as Jesus and his father, who was a man, and did not hide himself, and was like the rest of the people, as in the following texts:
John 8:40 "But now you seek to kill Me, a Man who has told you the truth which I heard from God. Abraham did not do this.
John 14:8 Philip said to Him, "Lord, show us the Father, and it is sufficient for us."
John 14:9 Jesus said to him, "Have I been with you so long, and yet you have not known Me, Philip? He who has seen Me has seen the Father; so how can you say, ‘Show us the Father’?
John 12:45 "And he who sees Me sees Him who sent Me.
1Kin 8:60 "that all the peoples of the earth may know that the LORD is God; there is no other.
In this text Solomon wishes that all the peoples of the earth may know that the Lord is One God, and there are no gods beside Him or with Him.
Isaiah 44:8 Do not fear, nor be afraid; Have I not told you from that time, and declared it? You are My witnesses. Is there a God besides Me? Indeed there is no other Rock; I know not one’."
In this text the Lord asks the Children of Israel to be witnesses that there are no gods beside Him or with Him, because He had sent many prophets to them, and they had seen many miracles, whether in Egypt or in Sinai or after the entry into the Holy Land.
So, is there any prophet of the Children of Israel did not keep this testimony, and said that there are other true gods should be worshiped with the LORD the Creator, until the New Testament authors came and the various churches emerged and broke this principle, and talked about the multiplicity of gods, that have embodied in the physical things, whether man or dove.
2Kings 19:19 "Now therefore, O LORD our God, I pray, save us from his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that You are the LORD God, You alone."
Isaiah 37:20 "Now therefore, O LORD our God, save us from his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that You are the LORD, You alone."
In these texts we read that the children of Israel were proclaiming all the time that the Lord is the only true God, particularly, in the times of distress and calamities, who they were seeking for the LORD's salvation to prove his Oneness and glory to the nations, who were fighting against them.
From all of the above, we realize that the Gospels authors did not agree with the first and the most important principle of the Old Testament, which is the Oneness of the LORD the Creator and worship Him alone, and violated it, which gives us a clear indication that the Gospels authors have nothing to do with the Old Testament in terms of principles and sources, including the Revelation and the Inspiration of the Holy Spirit, and this will be shown more clearly in the following chapters.
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